My DeAr FriEnDS

> > > > > >
> > > hye my friends.....(^_^)....hehehe
> > > > > > What would you do if every time you
wanted someone they would never be there?

What would you do if for every
moment you were truly happy there would be 10
moments of sadness?

What would you do if your best friend
died tomorrow and you never got to
tell them how you felt?

So, I just wanted to
say, even if I never talk to you again in my life,
you are special to me and you have made a
difference in my life. I look up to you, respect you, and
truly cherish you. Let old
friends know you haven't forgotten them,and tell new
friends you never will. Remember, everyone
needs a friend, someday.

> > > > > > >

week 4

salam,

today i have no class because my lecturer is busy for the whole day. hurm, i just want 2 say that i really enjoyed working with my group members during our prof speech class. group 1 mmg sempoi & awesome!!!! group len jgn jeles k...huhuk

J@YJ@Y EULOGY

Jay was a great friend; a kind, a shy gurl, caring and loving gurl. She was the kind of friend that stands by you when you need somebody to be there. She was a person that can be truly a best friend, a friend that rich with her ideas.

What is it that we remember when we think of Jay? I think everyone who knows her very well would agree with me on this. It was her kindness, caring, loving and shy girl. She will listen to her friends’ problem and always gave supports and useful solutions to them. Sometimes, she always did her spontaneous jokes that would make everyone laugh so hard that they’d end up crying.

That is what I will truly miss about Jay. She could make me laugh when I am really sad. She always cheered me up when she knew I just had a bad day. That’s the trademark of Jay. She always wanted to make people happy.

Jay’s death was sudden. I remember when I heard the news I simply could not believe it. Jay was too young but as it slowly occurred to me I have realized that Jay indeed lived her life wonderfully. Jay was well-loved and she had done so many things on earth and I’m sure she’ll do much more in the Hereafter. I will forever be grateful to have known Jay.

I will forever be grateful that Jay was there at the right place and at the right time to cheer me up and to stand at my side. I will forever be grateful for spending 15 years of my life with a friend like her. All the memories I have shared with her will forever be cherished and remembered. Jay will forever live in my heart… In our hearts.

Jay is no longer live. This is not the time for us to grieve her death but it’s our time to celebrate her life. Don’t ever forget Jay. She never wanted to see people cry. She wanted to make everyone happy. So at this moment, let’s all think back and remember how Jay touched our lives. How she made us laugh and how good Jay was as a person. This is not the moment for us to shed our tears but we should all be thankful that we were given the chance to have known a friend named Jay.

Jay will forever be missed but I know in the right time, I will meet Jay again.

Yaya's Eulogy

Salaam to all. Yaya here. All of us were assigned to write our own eulogy. As you all know, eulogy is one of the types of ceremonial speech one has to present, and since we're taking Professional Speech Communication, we have to do this. I'm glad that our lecturer only told us to write the eulogy and post it here rather than present it out loud in front of an audience.

for my eulogy, the format is for a sister. I want my younger brother to read it to all when i die someday. I actually asked him for the points and the rest is history. so without further delay, here's my eulogy.

Eulogy for my beloved sister

I'm sure everyone knows who Nadiah was. She was affectionately called 'Yaya' by many. I remember that pet name very well because I was the one who came up with that name. I couldn't even pronounce her name properly as that time I was still the little boy who was still speaking in that childish mumble. I'm sure all of you have noticed that that name was shared by a number of my younger cousins as well.

She was my sister, my best buddy, and a warrior in and out cause i never won an argument with her and ended up being bossed around. only by her will I let that happen. She always projected a strong image and was very confident.

Yaya was a tall gal, liked to wave at people a lot. She doesn't talk much and I'm still surprise that a lot of people knew her. I guess she's a quiet social butterfly then. I think that people were attracted to her because of her smile. Her smile always made me feel that everything was alright. A friend of hers told me that what she remembers vividly about Yaya is her voice; she used to call Yaya 'Chipmunk'. I'm sure everybody agrees to that.

Mama and papa was always so proud of her cause she never gave us problems. I used to be jealous of her as she always seems the perfect child to me and always get the attention of my parents. Even so, she never gloated to me on that and never neglected to include me in everything that she does, be it when playing or studying. I learned a lot from her and suddenly my jealousy evaporated and changed into idolize.

I have so many memories with her cause she's the only sibling I had. Mama only wanted one boy and one girl. Hence, I was very close to her and refer a lot of things to her. Even when she was studying overseas, I would sent her a message, even if it was about little things like what to buy for our mother's birthday. I guess even good things had to end, and having her as my sister was one of the best things in my life.

Education is very important and its importance is stressed a lot by the government. She was the role model for me and I know for all of my cousins as well. Even though we studied not in the government school but instead in madrasahs, she pursued and proved that we can go further not just in the religious sector as most perceived us to, but we can also continue in other faculties and fields. She was not alone in that journey; she told me once that she would not have made it if not for the presence and support of her friends. I thank her friends for making her journey fun and memorable.

At the peak of Yaya’s young and simple life, no one thought that her life will end in a tragic way. We thought that Yaya would be a successful career-woman and would have a family of her own to grow old with. I dreamt once of being busy organizing and setting up for her wedding with all the other family members, to finally see her as a blushing bride. But I guess that dream is blown to the wind now.

Yaya is now undergoing her next stage of life that is the journey to the Hereafter. Let us make doa for her so that she may end up in Jannah, Insya-Allah. She will be in our heart forever. We will always be proud of you.

Yaya’s favorite quote “Live life to the fullest. Never regret”.
Yaya was mama’s girl.
Yaya was my lovely sister.
Yaya was everybody's favorite niece.
Yaya was never a spoilsport; everyone's crazy buddy.
May Allah Bless you all and give you comfort.

We love you.

an Arabic eulogy

Salaam to all. Yaya here. I was searching for a sample for eulogy and stumble upon this Arabic poem which is written in the form of a eulogy. Just want to share with all.

In the following poem, Al-Khansa, the great pre-Islamic Arab poetess, laments the murder of her brother Sakhr. The poem is in the form of a eulogy.

I was sleepless, and I passed the night keeping vigil, as if

my eyes had been anointed with pus,

Watching the stars--and I had not been charged to watch them-

and anon wrapping myself in the ends of ragged robes.

For I had heard--and it was not news to rejoice me--one making

report, who had come repeating intelligence,

Saying, "Sakhr is dwelling there in a tomb, struck to the

ground beside the grave, between certain stones."

Depart then, and may God not keep you far (from Him), being

a man who eschewed injustice, and ever sought after bloodwit.

You used to carry a heart that brooked no wrong, compounded

in a nature that was never cowardly,

Like the spear-point whose (bright) shape lights up the night,

(a man) bitter in resolution, free and the son of free-men.

So I shall weep for you, so long as ringdove laments and the

night stars shine for the traveler,

And I shall never make my peace with a people with whom you

were at war, not till the black cooking-pot of the (good)

host becomes white]


Great poem isn't it? Till then, toodles.

17th presentation - Bosnia

Salaam to all. Yaya here. As always, the review of a classmate's informative presentation has to be posted.

The 17th presentation was done by sr. Umi Khairani and the topic was a country called Bosnia.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Latin: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина) is a country on the Balkan peninsula of Southern Europe. The country is home to three ethnic "constituent peoples": Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats.

The topic presented was very interesting and infamous because I recalled what happened to Bosnia caused an uproar on the Muslim community in the whole world. I was too naive and innocent at that time so I didn't understand much of what was going on.
By sr. Umi's presentation I finally got the big picture of the tragedy that befell on the Muslim society there. Even though I arrived in class late that day, the moment I sat down I was pulled and absorbed into her presentation. It was brief and easily understandable.

About the presenter herself, sr. Umi was very passionate when giving the presentation. her voice was loud and very clear but i could detect the difficulties pronouncing the words as English is not her 1st language after all.

All in all, a very eye-opening presentation. A job well done. Muslims all over the world, be aware of what is happening to your brothers and sisters in other countries. Be thankful of what you have and that you are not suffering as they are in Bosnia.

I found a fantastic site that gave a lot of info about countries that have suffered from genocides. Here's the link, http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_bosnia.html

13th Presentation - Turkey

Salaam to all. Yaya here. Another class, another topic was presented. Not many people came to class that day, I wonder why.

This time the topic is the country of Turkey and the presenter is none other than my conference and landmark speech group mate, sr. Wahidah.

I actually forgot to post this this topic, Sorry! Anyway, let's move on. Turkey's recent issue about the non-permission to wear the head scarf is what causes uproar and sarcastic remarks from other Muslims, that an Islamic country to banned the head scarf is totally illogical and blasphemous. The factor that is actually responsible is this phenomena is secularism. Of all the issue that sr. Wahidah presented, honestly I could only remember this one.

About miss presenter, her voice tone was high and very clear, she does not have to make an effort to raise her voice at all. I really admire that. she presented it briefly and in bite size form that it was easily understandable. There wasn't much gesture and she didn't move alot, but i think her voice make up for it. since there weren't many people present, she had managed to maintain eye contact but not for long.

All in all, good job sr. Wahidah.

Eulogy by EYLLIA

this is my eulogy to my beloved family...i would leave this world far, far away...hope you all forgive me what i had done to you...

to mom,
i am sorry for not listen to your words. i am sorry for broken your heart. i make you sad. i want you to know that you are my place that i turn to, my shoulder when i am sad...you give me strength to face all these difficulties in life. thanks for your advise mom...please forgive me with all i had done to you...i love you mom, all the way...may God bless you my lovely mom...

to dad,
i want to say that i love you very much dad...you are my great hero in this world...no one else can replace your place. dad, i am sorry for raising up my voice in front of you and for not doing good behave for you. but all you have to know that, you are the greatest father that i ever had...thanks dad! please forgive me what i had done to you dad..may God bless you, my hero...

to my cute little sister,
having you around me makes my life happy...with your smiles, your laughs makes my life more wonderful. i am glad that i have you as my "best friend"...we share lots of secrets, tears and joy...hope your life will be brigther as your smile...study hard dear, make our parents proud of you...love you always sis...may God bless in whatever you do...take care of yourself and our parents too...please forgive me all mistakes that i had done...i love you so much...

to mom, dad and my lovely sis...
i have to go...i must leave you...may all of your life will be bestowed with bless from God...may we see each other in paradise...so long my beloved family...love you all so much!

idea by: EYLLIA HELMIL

Final Presentation-Chechnya

Jay: Salam, good morning everybody….erm for the final informative speech, the topic is about Chechnya. The presenter is Ahmed Nashrul, a shy guy. Regarding the topic, in my opinion, Chechnya is also known as the Republic of Chechnya. Previously, the government type in Chechnya was the regional government but nowadays, it is the separatist government. About the issues in Chechnya, there are three major issues that I will highlight in this blog such as First Chechen War (1994-1996), the Moscow Peace Treaty and the Second Chechen War.
Firstly, the First Chechen War occurred in a two years period lasting from 1994 to 1996 when Russian force attempted to stop Chechnya from getting their independence. Secondly, about the Moscow Peace Treaty, in Mid November 1996, Yeltsin and Maskhador signed an agreement about the issue in their country. Lastly, the Second Chechen War is the result of the agreement between Yeltsin and Maskhador. It occurred in 1996 and this war stuck the Russian government accused Chechnya militant in series of bombing in Russia.
Regarding the presenter, Nashrul has the confidence and his voice projection is clear. At first, he does not read from his note but in the middle of the presentation , he starts to read more on the slides. He can improve himself by establishing eye contact and do not read too much from the slides. That’s all from me tata….

15th Presentation-Philippines

Jay: Salam...for the 15th presentation, the topic is about the country of Philippines and the presenter is Fazli, the youngest brother in our Professional Speech class. in my opinion, The Philippines officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas is an archipelagic nation located in Southeast Asia, with Manila as its capital city. The Philippine archipelago comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean, bordering countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Palau and the Republic of China, although it is the only Southeast Asian country to share no land borders with its neighbors. The Philippines is the world's 12th most populous country with a population approaching 87 million people. Today, the Philippines has many affinities with the Western world, derived mainly from the cultures of Spain, Latin America, and the United States. Roman Catholicism became the predominant religion, although pre-Hispanic indigenous religious practices and Islam still exist. The two official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and English.

Regarding the presenter, he has the confidence but seriously i do not know what he presents in the class. Anyway, he manages to answer all the questions during the Q & A session because he does not elaborate more during the presentation. That is why the audiences have many questions. Before i end my comment, Dexter, please be prepared and don't forget to bring your USB and handout.

16th Presentation-Iran

Jay: Salam...i'm back. For yesterday's class, there was one presentation entitled Iran. The presenter was Marziana a.k.a Julie. From my opinion, the national name for Iran is Republic of Iran. The type of government of Iran is Theocratic Republic and the current President is Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Honestly, Iran is a wonderful country with its interesting places. Furthermore, previously Iran is known as Persia. Next, i will focus about the issues in Iran which are Iran-Iraq War, the earthquake and Iran Nuclear Program. Firstly, Iran-Iraq war is basically about fighting for territory. The cause of the issue is natural resources and power. But the cause is still in doubt. Secondly, in 1990, the major earthquake has killed 40,000 Iranian. it is so sad situation. lastly, the latest issue is Iran Nuclear Program which is Iran enrichment the nuclear program. Iran claimed that the program as peaceful event or purpose. This issue is still unresolved and remined until now.

Regarding the presenter, the presentation is interesting and entertaining but it should be professional. Her sound projection is clear and she has the confidence. However, there is also non word like "maybe". There is still a room for improvement such as establishing eye contact, follow the flow of the presentation and not to wait until to move to the next points...........

Book Review - Ibn Hazm

Salaam to all! Yaya here. I decided to do a book review on Ibn Hazm because I've heard of the name many times before but not know a single thing about the personality. So, below is a brief summary of the book I've chosen.

IBN HAZM OF CORDOVA AND HIS CONCEPTION OF THE SCIENCES
BY A.G. CHEJNE

Ibn Hazm (d. 1064) of Cordova was a humanist par excellence and one of the intellectual giants in Islam. He was born at the turn of the tenth century, in the
golden age of al-Andalus.

He was a poet, historian, theologian, jurist, philosopher and polemicist (see below for meaning) who is reported to have written four hundred volumes on various disciplines. As a prolific writer, he had a great deal to say about the sciences: religious sciences, grammar and lexicography, poetry, literary criticism, logic, astronomy, astrology, medicine, alchemy, music and others.

He recognized the interdependence of the sciences; he believed and promoted a broad liberal education combining the secular and the religious disciplines. Besides, he was a critic and an intellectual rebel who raised his voice on the major issues of his time attacking fearlessly the leniency and indifferences of religious scholars, jurists and rulers towards the socioreligious problems facing eleventh-century al-Andalus and the whole Muslim world.

He was a rationalist and devout religious man, who combined a rigorous scientific method with religious criteria clamoring for change and corrective measures in the approach to religious matters and insisting on individual inquiry (ijtihad) instead of the over reliance on old authorities.

His fresh new approach did not endear him to the secular and religious authorities, which subjected him to ostracism and persecution, but he never relinquished his beliefs. In fact, the sale of his books was forbidden and many of them were burned. Despite these heavy restrictions many of his works survived and had a considerable impact on succeeding generations.

Ibn Hazm is a marvelous thinker and Islamic intellectual, but sadly his ideas were not accepted by the community in his time. His belief of combining both secular and religious education was not realized until now, in the modern time. He was simply living in the wrong place at the wrong time. His method of combining scientific method with religious criteria, in the approach to religious matters, is an interesting way and most probably acceptable in this time.

The book contains 340 pages not including front page, content page, preface and acknowledgement. About 90 pages comprise of bibliographies, notes and appendixes. 45 pages were the Arabic version of one of his famous book, Maratib al-‘ulum. The rest is about Ibn Hazm himself and his thoughts on the sciences.

- polemicist: a writer who argues in opposition to others (especially in theology

BooK ReVieW- Abdullah Yusuf Ali

JAY : For our Book Review assignment, we have to study about the biography of the Muslim Personality. As for me, I choose Abdullah Yusuf Ali because he is the most famous in the English-speaking Muslim world for a major work of twentieth century Islamic scholarship-“The Holy Qur’an” Text, Translation and Commentary, published in 1934. The book that I refer to is “Searching for Solace: The Commentator of the Holy Qur’an”.



Abdullah Yusuf Ali was born on 4 April 1872 in Surat, a textile town in Gujrat, Western India. He belonged to a trade community known as the Bohras. Yusuf Ali died in 1953. His early education was at the Anjuman-e-Islam and then a missionary school named after its Scots founder, John Wilson. Yusuf Ali was one of those children who are born as adults.

Educational institutions were to be his real home from a very early age. Yusuf Ali had a brilliant academic record at Wilson School, matriculating top of his year for Bombay at the age of fourteen. He proceeded to obtain a first-class Bombay University in January 1891, possibly in Classics because he won a Latin prize and was appointed to the Dakshna Fellowship in Greek history at his old college.

Yusuf Ali was awarded a Bombay Government scholarship for further studies in England under a scheme instituted in 1868. During his adult life, Yusuf Ali twice married in England and with many British friends show the personal ties with accompanied a quest for a harmonious world order and he was a prominent supporter of a variety of organizations.

Searching for Solace is an open and sympathetic study that draws on Yusuf Ali’s vast literary production as well as unpublished sources. His public acclaim contrasted with a troubled marital life and a sense of despair. He turned to the Qur’an for peace and mind and found healing. He then wrote as a man inspired, developing his literary skills as a professional for the bright of enlightenment and spiritual upliftment he had experienced. His job as a college principal of Islamia College, Lahore and his political strong loyalty also shaped his Qur’anic scholarship and these inter-relationships are explored in the biography of the book that I have studied.

BOOK REVIEW: Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj

Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj is the Father of independence for Malaysian society. This is because of his contributions and sacrifices in bringing the country from colonialism to independence. He became the first prime minister of the Federation of Malaya from 1957 to 1963, and of Malaysia from 1963 to 1970. He was born at February 8, 1903 at Istana Pelamin in Alor Setar, Kedah. Tunku received his early education at Debsurin School in Bangkok and Penang Free School.

In his teenage age, he went to study at St. Catherine College, Cambridge University under the Kedah Government Scholarship. He finally received his Bachelor of Arts in Laws and History in 1925. He desired to make his homeland as an independent state, which is free from British colonialism. Realizing the Malay students there were not represented by any organization, he established the Kesatuan Melayu Great Britain (Malay Association of Great Britain).

After returning home, Tunku joined Kedah Civil Service as cadet in the Legal Advisor’s Officer, and then as a district officer in several Kedah districts. At that time, he is popular because of his outspokenness and tendency to introduce reforms in improving the living standard of people.

He had been appointed to be chairman of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO). On August 26, 1951, Tunku became the UMNO President succeeding Dato’ Onn Jaafar. In his office, he often promotes unity. During his time, the Alliance Party was emerged and won the country’s first general election in July 1955.

In 1956, he led a mission to London for a discussion with the British government concerning the independence for Malaya. The meeting resulted in the signing of the Independent Treaty at Lancaster House in London on February 8, 1956 and consequently, the independence of Malaya in August 31, 1957. 1957, the Tunku became its prime minister.


POSTED BY: EYLLIA ERYANI HELMILHUSAINI

14th Presentation-Sierra Leone

JAY: Salam…., last class, we had a presentation entitled Sierra Leone. The presenter was Hatice, a lady from Turkey.
Sierra Leone is another African country. The major population is the Muslims with the percentage of 46%. The government in Sierra Leone is a democratic system and the human rights are guaranteed. Furthermore, it is known that Sierra Leone is a rich country with its sources. Sierra Leone, like the other countries, also faces environmental issues and fight in the government. The result of the mortality infant’s rate is high due to the inadequate medical aid. Another issue is Sierra Leone used to be the port for the western to take them as slaves.
Regarding Hatice’s presentation, she has the confidence, well-prepared, good eye contact and sometimes shows her facial expression. But, there is also a thing that she can improve on. For example, speak slowly, do not read the slides too much and the music is slightly distract the audience’s attention. That’s the end of my comment, wish all of you work smart for the documentary CD.

yaya: salaam everyone! first of all, i want to thank Hatice for presenting and introducing us to Sierra Leone.

about the topic: not much to add from Jay's comments but what i want to highlight is that even though the country's practising democracy and human rights, but still the people are not really given their rights to basic necessities like cleaner environment to live in, education, job opportunities, medical aids, etc. even though some part of the country is developed for commercial purposes and economic development, the government shouldn't neglect the peoples' needs.

about the presenter: just want to add that Hatice could speak a little louder because her voice is so soft. that's all and a job well done.

Landmark Speech - John F. Kennedy

SPEECH STYLE
In my opinion, JFK's speech is different from others. This is because his inaugural speech style is friendly to the citizen. Firstly, in terms of language. He used simple sentences and easy words to help people to understand what he was talking about. With this, people may absorb easily the theme of the speech. He also used a bunch of word so that his speech can stick in people's mind. For instance, 'Ask not what your country can do for you but ask what you can do for your country'. Secondly, the content of the speech. The content is very informative. He asked people to join together with him to go against the war and poverty. This will make people feel more closer to their leader as seems that they all together include the president will work together as a team to fight against the issues.


OPINION OF THE BACKGROUND OF THE SPEECH
This speech is a good kick start from JFK as a new 35th president of USA. He makes his speech as a motivational, persuasive and inspirational speech for others. This makes people inspired by his speech and also his charisma while he is in his office.


OPINION OF THE BACKGROUND ON THE PARTICULAR PERSONALITY
JFK was born on May 29, 1917. He was a student from Harvard University in Science Faculty. From this, we can conclude that JFK was a knowledgeable person. From his education, he can inspired a lots of people to be like him. In my opinion, he had a very big ambition for his country. He was an ambitious man i guess. He wanted to go against the poverty issue and the war issue. So that, people in USA can live equally among others and had the tranquility during their life. No suppression and so on. JFK had encountered many problems during his office, however, he managed to solve the problems with the patience and strength that he had.


OPINION ON GROUP PRESENTATION
This task is given to Amalina's group. They did a great job on this speech. Congratulations for them! :) They role play as the actual speech is given, with the president, the vice president, the chief justice and so on. At the end of the speech, they show the death of JFK, which he had been shut right after his speech.

posted by: Eyllia Eryani Helmilhusaini :)

Landmark Speech - Hugo Chavez’s UN speech

Salaam to all! Yaya here. it's been a long time since i've updated, huh? well midterms are a killer not to mention the innumerable assignments that we have to do have made this blog lost in my path of life. hehe.

anyway after all groups did the landmark speech ages ago, now's the time to write down what others thought of those speeches. for this blog, i've been assigned to comment on Hugo Chavez's UN speech.

1) speech style: the speech was presented in segments but easily grasp and understood. the funny part was Sis Umi's when she re-enact the significant part of the speech but since it was in a loud voice, it made a great impact on me.

2) opinion on the background of the speech: the background of the speech was very brief but easily understandable. now I know who the person behind the stunning and brave speech.

3) opinion on the particular personality: i have to say that the Hugo Chavez is a very brave man to be comparing the US president with a devil. his metaphors of abhorrence towards the US president is so deep and vivid that it clearly shows his dislike towards that man. to be honest, i've never heard of Hugo Chavez before but now i've been enlightened by the landmark speech performance by Sis Umi's group. May Hugo Chavez achieve his goals and success in his time to come.

i've found a videoclip titled chavez vs bush. you all should watch it. here's the link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TI0_VzFxTzs

a job well done. i realize i have to search more on this person when i have the time. i'm interested to know more. until then, ciao!

LaNdMaRK SPeEcH-MaRtiN LuRtHeR KiNG

JAY: First of all, I would like to express my happiness because our class for landmark speeches was held near the lake in IIUM. It was full of enjoyment with the wind blew and the weather was fine. Thanks to everyone for the delicious and yummy refreshment that we had after the presentations.
For the Martin Lurther King Speech’s “I Have a Dream”, the second group presents with a short acting about the scenario of the discrimination of black and white people. The students with black dress represent the black people and vice versa. Then, they started the presentation like the typical presentation in class.

Basically, the Martin Lurther King Speech style is an informative and persuasive speech. This is because he focuses on the integrity between the black and the white. He gives information in details and sometimes uses metaphors to make the speech sounds beautiful and meaningful.

Regarding the background of the speech, in my opinion, the speech is an attempt to persuade Congress to pass Kennedy’s proposed legislation, King and other civil rights leaders organized the famous March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The information was passed on to white politicians in the Deep South who feared that a successful march on Washington would persuade President Lyndon B. Johnson to sponsor a proposed new civil rights act. Strom Thurmond led the campaign against Rustin making several speeches where he described him as a “communist, draft dodger and homosexual”. Furthermore, the background is to make the people realize that the black and the white people are the same, therefore the treatments and rights should be equal, no discrimination and everyone gets the freedom of voices and jobs.

About the opinion of the person which is Martin Lurther King, he was born in Atlanta, Georgia on 15th January, 1929. Both his father and grandfather were Baptist preachers who had been actively involved in the civil rights movement. King graduated from Morehouse College in 1948. After considering careers in medicine and law, he entered the ministry. While studying at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania, King heard a lecture on Mahatma Gandhi and the nonviolent civil disobedience campaign that he used successfully against British rule in India. One of his contributions is Stride Toward Freedom (1958). The book described what happened at Montgomery and explained King’s view on non-violence and direct action. Stride Toward Freedom was to have a considerable influence on the civil rights movement. Martin Lurther King is a nice person because his persona is contradicted with the current prime minister of U.S.A. His aim is to bring the development of the country and integrity among citizens instead of approaching war and trying to be the peacekeeper.

12th presentation - Bangladesh

Eyllia: Hye! Salam to all...I am glad that i am the first one that give comments on today's presentation (4th FEB. 08). The presenter of this 12th topic is NISRIN NILA and she has briefly give general ideas about THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH. Bangladesh is located at south asia and the capital city is Dhaka. The muslim are reported as 83%, Hindus 16% while others are 1%. Its government type is parliamentary republic and it gained the independence on March, 26 1971. Generally, bangladesh is among the most densely populated countries in the world and has a high poverty level. Bangladesh also has a predominantly rural population, which many of bangladeshi engaged in agricultural. Moreover, it is the largest producer of jute as well.

There are some conflicts that happen in Bangladesh. The major conflict is Bangladesh-Pakistan conflict. This conflict begins from Liberation War. India allied itself to help Bangladesh, while Nixon US sent military supplies to Pakistan. The other major conflict is India-Bangladesh conflict. This happen when the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers are being dispute. Moreover, the internal conflict also give impact to this country. They are political conflict and the rise of islamic military.

Regarding to NISRIN's presentation, she might be not well prepared. This is because she often look at her slides rather than give eye-contact to her audiences. Her voice is monotonous. However, she has good attempt on the intro part...it shows that she has effort to make the presentation become friendly...congratulations to her! anyway, GOOD LUCK in another presentation Nisrin! :) Keep on improving!



JAY: Salam, for last week’s class, there was only one presentation because we had the Chinese New Year holiday. The title for the presentation was Bangladesh and presented by a lady from Thailand, Nisrin Nila. From my understanding, Bangladesh is located at the South Asia and the capital city is Dhaka. The president of Bangladesh is Iajuddin Ahmed and the Independence was on March 26, 1971. The people of Bangladesh are basically democratic minded, non-communal and value good neighborly relation. Bangladesh is among the most heavily populated countries in the world and has a high poverty level, however, Bangladesh is the world’s largest producer of jute. About the conflicts in Bangladesh, there are major and internal conflicts. The examples of major conflicts are Bangladesh-Pakistan conflict and India-Bangladesh conflict. For the internal conflicts there are conflicts of politics and the rise of Islamic militancy.
Regarding the presenter, she has the flow of presenting it but she should make sure that she is well prepared and increase her tone of voice.

11th presentation - Somalia

Eyllia: Salam to all...for this 11th topic, the country is SOMALIA. The person who is presented the topic is my team mate, JANNAH or JAY. According to her presentation, Somalia has several conflicts such as the Somali Civil War, Clan Warfare in Somalia and the Ethiopia-Somalia War. The capital city of Somalia is Mogadishu and its official languages are somali, arabic, italian and english of course. there is 99% muslim in this country. Somalia gained its independence on June,26 and July,1 1960 from Italy. In Somalia, the central government is not effective since president Said Barre was overthrown in 1991. 2 years after that, there is a war against Aideed in an attempt to build a nation from a fragmented society. The major conflict came between two sub clans of the Hawiye clan--Aideeds Habar Gidir sub clans and Ali Mahdi's Abgall. This is the factor of emerging the Somali Civil War in 1993. The clan warfare is still in conflict until now. This begins in June and July 1993 when UN speakers and Somali citizens were killed. On March 1994, most US and European Union are forces to left Somalia while Aideed and Mahdi continued to occupy Mogadishu. At the end, Aideed died on August,1 1996 from a battle wound. The final war is the Ethiopia-Somali war which happen in 2006. this conflict emerged because to prevent Islamist forces from gaining full control of Somalia. This war is still happen until present.

In terms of JAY's presentation, the weaknesses that she can improve on is the eye-contat. She has to face her audiences not on her text only. Too much depending on text may get the audiences bored. She also can improve on her voice projection which is monotonous. however, besides weakness she has the strength as well. She has the confidence actually and has the flow in her presentation..Whatever it is, you have done a good job!!! WELL DONE! :)

10th Presentation-South Thailand

JAY: Salam…., before I proceed with my comment, I want to express my happiness because I had finished my three mid-term examinations last week. Erm, the presentation is still running and for this time, the topic is about South Thailand and the presenter is Nadiah a.k.a YaYa. South Thailand is the neighbor of Malaysia and mostly the citizens are the Muslims. From all the provinces in Thailand, the most famous province that has conflicts is South Thailand. The major conflicts are Krue Sae Incident, Tak Bai Incident and Religious Schools.
In terms of Nadiah presentation, she speaks with clear and understandable. She did not read from the slides or notes, it means that she is well-prepared. She is able to give explanation on every point and her presentation is well-organized because she has the smooth flow in delivering it.


Eyllia: Hye everybody! now, we have reach to the 10th topic which is south thailand..the presenter is Nadiah Arifin from Singapore.According to her presentation, she has highlighted several conflicts that happen in this country. For instance, Krue Sae Mosque incident, Tak Bai incident and also conflict about religious schools. She managed to explain briefly the chronological events of escalating. From this chronologies, i now have the knowledge about what happen in south thailand. Seems that every year south thailand is in conflicts. From 2001 until 2006 there are so many people killed. There are some factors that lead to the ongoing violence such as economic, political, cultural ignorance, social, lack of training and rivalries.

About her presentation, there are not so much things that i can comment. She has the confidence, good flow of presentation and very creative at the intro part. She got the eye-contact with her audiences as well..however, she may improve on her voice. It sounds monotonous. Overall, good job Yaya!!! :)

9th Presentation-Indonesia

JAY: Salam... First of all, I want to wish good luck for everyone that has mid-term. For today's class, we have our usual informative speech. The presentation is about Indonesia and the presenter is Tasnim. From the presentation, she shows the pictures of the former and recent Presidents of Indonesia with brief information. Indonesia has many conflicts such as in Ambon, Bali etc. Also, it has many natural disasters such as earthquake and recently is Tsunami. From all conflicts and issues around Indonesia, I feel interested with the conflict of Bali Bombing, it is because the nuclear bomb that has been used is different and not like the other bombs. It is because it can kill many people. I'm sure that Muslims could not afford to make the bomb. It must be some kind of combination of power countries to create the propaganda that Muslims are terrorists.
Regarding Tasnim's presentation, she has a good command of language and confidence. She is well-prepared but she speaks in a fast pace and has problem in pronouncing the Indonesian names and numbers. She can improve on her eye contact and speak in low pace. Overall, she did a great job!!!!!


Eyllia: salam to all...today, the presentation is all about INDONESIA and person who is responsible to present this country is TASNIM. According to her, Indonesia has 234,693,997 people in terms of its population. There are 86.1% muslims in this country. The ethnic groups such as javanese, sudanese, minangkabau, madurese, betawi, bugis, banten, banja and others. in her presentation, she managed to get pictures of previous preseidents. Well, this is a good effort. She explained the historical background of Indonesia through these pictures. Indonesia also has its own conflicts such as Bali bombing in 2002 which killed 220 people, nuclear bombing which Indonesian believe that Jamah Islamiah who leads this tragedy. Finally, the incidents of Rasa Sayang song issue. Indonesia claimed that it is its song but then Malaysia has 'steal' it from them.

In terms of Tasnim's presentation, well, she fluently speaks and has good command of english. however, she must to slow down her pace and increasing the eye-contact. She also cannot only depend on her text. Overall, well done girl!!! :)

8th Presentation - Rwanda

JAY: Assalamualaikum....., the 8th presentation is about Rwanda and the presenter is Qistina Shereen. Honestly, i don't know much about Rwanda but know, after the presentation, it enlightened me about what has happening in Rwanda. Briefly, Rwanda is a non-Muslim country, it has many conflicts such as the poor development, the uneffective government and recently, the issue of the thousands of orphans that are scattered around with no place to live in.

As for Qistina's presentation, she looks beautiful in her 'Baju Kurung' with the ribbon in her hands, she has good command of the language and looks confidence. She is well prepared and speaks with clear and loud. That's all from me. Adios!!!!!




Yaya: Salaam everyone! last friday's presentation was on the republic of Rwanda, presented by sis Qistina. honestly, i've heard of the name Rwanda but know not a sliver of info where it was and what's happening there.

the historical background and the reality of what is happening in said country were presented beautifully. sis Qistina made it so easy to understand her presentation, but i noticed that she had a problem pronouncing the names of the tribes there; i know i would have my tongues tied if i were to present (which reminded me that my topic to present also have words that are so difficult to pronounce!).

regarding the presenter, she was dressed for the occasion but the ribbons kind of distracted me several times. she faced the slides more often than establishing eye contact. she tends to apologized a lot; to me that action undermines her confidence in presenting, but she make up for it with her clear voice.

i am very lucky to be attending a university when others out there haven't the opportunity to even go to school like those less fortunate Rwandans youths. i've benefitted a lot by attending this class; it was such an eye-opener!

i just realized that my presentation is coming soon. hope madam will not spill what country i'm going to present because i have a little something to do for my opening, hehe...ugh the pressure is killing meeeee.....



Eyllia: Hye all! now, its my turn to give comments and opinions about this country, RWANDA. I have never come across about this country before and never know what this coutry has facing off. Well, from Qistina's presentation, now i have a little bit knowledge about Rwanda. Its locate at east-central africa which has 9,907,509 people in its population and its ethnicity are hutu, tutsi and twa. In this country, there is not much muslim only 4.6% from all. The government type is republic. All of the conflicts, begin because of power. The elites (Hutu) wanted to conquerers the power until the Tutsi feel that they have been oppressed by Hutus. From that, Tutsi begin to have their rights on that land. Until now, there is no solution between these two tribes.

Regarding Qistina's presentation, in my opinion, she has good flow of presentation and has good command of english. She has captured me with her appearance. however, she likes to say a same word to join the sentences which is 'BASICALLY' which to me it is very disturbing. The notes at slides are too long. There are so many points on slides. well, there are many ways that she can improve her weaknesses..GOOD JOB!!! :)

7th Presentation-Kashmir

JAY: Assalamualaikum…, before I proceed with my comment, I would like to wish ‘good luck’ to everyone that has mid-term this week. Study smart k….
Erm, the presentation for last Monday was about Kashmir and the presenter was Miranti. From my understanding, Kashmir is located at the center between Pakistan, India and China. The major official religion in Kashmir is Hindu, Muslim and Buddhist. The Kashmir valley is the important part because it is the most fertile land and the major residents are Muslims. It is one of the reasons that the conflicts emerged in Kashmir and the victims are mostly the Muslims.
For Miranti’s presentation, she delivers the information in confidence and clear. But, she can improve on her eye contact, avoid using language that most people could not understand and do not depend on reading the PowerPoint’s slides. My last word is ‘I like your presentation’s introduction’.

Yaya: salaam everyone! the presentation on monday was about Kashmir and presented by sis Ira. the topic was presented in a clear voice, but i only get and understand the part where the reasons for conflict was but other than that was a blur to me.

sis Ira was clearly nervous but she made up for it with her clear voice. she tends to read the slides too much thus no direct eye contact was established much and she tends to say non-words when not finding the right word to describe. but all those could not break down her determination to share with us the information about her topic and i admire that in her a lot. Keep up the good work!



Eyllia: salam for all...today the presentation is about a country named Kashmir and it is presented by sis MIRANTI or IRA.this country has its own conflict. The Pakistan and India is fighting over Kashmir. Maharaja Hari Singh agreed on the notion that Kashmir should be part of India rather than Pakistan. Ultimately, the Indians gained Kashmir because the most important political movement of that time, the National Conference Movement of the Kashimiri Muslims preferred India to Pakistan. There are several Kashimiri militant groups which are Hizbul Muhajideen, Lashkar-e-Toyeba, Harkut-ul-Muhajideen, Tehreek-e-Jehad and Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF).

For Miranti's presentation, well, i can say that there is some effort. congratulations for her! nevertheless, she too depending on her slides. she has no eye-contact with audiences and she seems so nervous. the notes on slides are too long..all in all, she has done a good job!!! :)

6th Presentation-Pakistan

JAY: First of all, i would like to say 'welcome to the New Year of Islam'. May Allah bless us. Em, today's presentation is about Pakistan and the presenter is a lady which smiles all the time, Julida. From the presentation, it makes me more knowledgeable about Pakistan, now i know about the major conflicts in Pakistan which are the war between India & Pakistan, and the war between West Pakistan and East Pakistan. The latest issue is about Benazir assasination, the issue brings to the election which is on 18th February 2008.

For Julida's presentation, she is really a good memorizer, she is able to deliver the speech without depending on her text. Also, she follows the flow of the presentation which makes us more understand. But, she can improve on her volume of voice, means that she must speak louder.

Eyllia: Salam to all...today's presentation is about Pakistan, which is 1046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea (south) and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran (west), India (east) and China (far northeast).This topic was presented by JULIDA.From her presentation, i acquire lots of knowledge about this country, for example the major events that used to happen in Pakistan such as Indo-Pakistani War (1947) and Bangladesh-Liberation war (1971).

In first major conflict, this is about war between India & Pakistan, who fighting over the region of Kashmir...while the second major conflict is between West Pakistan and East Pakistan (Bangladesh).This war led to East Pakistan declaring its independence as the state of Bangladesh.however, in this war pakistan loss because they do not have well strategy plan..the current issue is about Benazir assassination.this happen on december,27,2007.she was shoot by gun twice at her brain and shoulder.the supporters of Benazir start to make chaos at the certain city.Bilawal (son) hope for a fair election.

for JULIDA's presentation, she doing a good job..she sometimes refer to the notes but its ok for that.anyway, her gesture is ok, her voice is a little bit monotonous..well she can improve on that.overall, her presentation is interesting! :)

5th Presentation-Palestine

JAY: The fifth presentation is on and the presenter is my own group member for our blog, ELLYIA. Now i will straight away with my comments. In my opinion, Palestine is a famous country because of the conflicts or issues that happened there. The major conflict is among Palestinian and Jews that fighting to get the land in Palestine. The land that Jews were fighting for is Jerusalem. They try to get Jerusalem because the Jews do not have their own land. One of the tactics that Jews attack Palestinian is to make the Muslims in Palestinian that are Sunni and Syiah fighting among themselves. This will make Jews interrupt and might have chance to conquer Jerusalem.
For Ellyia presentation, first of all, I want to say well done to her. Initially, she has shown some interesting pictures and explains the introduction in detail. In historical background and conflicts or issues sections, she chooses the important events and explains about every chronological conflict in detail. But, there is something that she can improve on such as focusing on all audiences in class and not to look at the front only. Furthermore, she must be well prepared about the topic and not to rely on the text in her hand, means that not to read the text all the way during the presentation.

Yaya: oh eyllia I am so sorry i didn't come for your presentation because I was sick. I wish you could post your notes on our blog so at least i could read it. hehe...

4th Presentation - Lebanon

Yaya: the 4th presentation was about a country called Lebanon. once a part of the Syrian territory, now liberated as an independent country. the topic was interesting to me in terms of the historical aspect but truthfully, i couldn't grasp on the issues or conflict happened in the country because i was concentrating hard on understanding Sis Nasrah was saying.

the presenter on that topic was Sis Nasrah, as stated above. good eye contact, confidence expressed well, and good command of the topic. her voice started soft but as the presentation goes on, it started to pitch higher. to me she sorts of mumble in her talk. not much gestures. did well in answering the questions. she did quite well. (ugh the pressure is on!)


JAY: For today class, the presentation is still running even though the presentation starts a bit late. The presenter is Nasra, a lady from Sudan and the topic is about Lebanon. From her presentation, it makes me gain my knowledge about Lebanon. Honestly, I don’t know much about the life and the conflict in Lebanon. But I have ever heard about the case of the former Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri. In February 2005, he was assassinated in a car bomb explosion near the Beirut. Another issue is about Hezbollah, in July 2006, he kidnapped two Israeli soldiers and that led to a conflict, known in Lebanon as July War. At that time, I received a sms from an anonymous person, said that Hezbollah and his followers will launch the war.
For Nasra presentation, she has lots of information about the topic that makes the presentation’s flow becomes smooth. She has the confidence and well prepared. But, there is something that she can improve on, for example, her eye contact and the accent. Overall, she did a great job!!!!!!!!



EYLLIA: assalamualaikum to every one! today's presentation is about LEBANON and the presenter is SISTER NASRAH...its quite interesting actually knowing this country.honestly, i gain more knowledge about this country from her presentation.i know what happen in the country previously and recently..

about her presentation, nothing much to comment on her..just about her slang.sometimes, i cannot catch up the words that she is saying.but sis, u can improve on that...but over all her gesture, eye contact with the audience, her preparation and in answering the questions are all good.WELL DONE SIS!!! GOOD LUCK IN ANOTHER PRESENTATION...:)

Homonym, Homophone & Heteronym

Salaam! Yaya here! madam gave us a homework this morning: find 5 homonyms, homophones & heteronyms respectively. so here they are:

HOMONYM
Homonyms are words that sound the same but are spelled differently and mean different things.

You may find that in the dialect you speak, some of these are not actually homonyms. There tend to be far more homonyms in American and Scottish varieties of English, for example, than standard British English. This is because standard British English distinguishes more vowel sounds, and thus some of the words listed below would not be pronounced identically by some speakers.

1. air: –noun, a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and minute amounts of other gases that surrounds the earth and forms its atmosphere.
heir: –noun, a person who inherits or has a right of inheritance in the property of another following the latter's death.

2. bite: –verb (used with object), to cut, wound, or tear with the teeth.
byte: –noun Computers, adjacent bits, usually eight, processed by a computer as a unit.

3. cent: -noun, a bronze coin made of steel.
sent: –verb (used with object), to cause, permit, or enable to go.

4. dew: -noun, moisture condensed from the atmosphere, esp. at night, and deposited in the form of small drops upon any cool surface.
due: –adjective, owed at present; having reached the date for payment.

5. fir: –noun, any coniferous tree belonging to the genus Abies, of the pine family, characterized by its pyramidal style of growth, flat needles, and erect cones.
fur: –noun, the fine, soft, thick, hairy coat of the skin of a mammal.

HOMOPHONE
Oronyms (or homophones) are words which sound the same. Generally the word homophone is used to describe one of a pair or group of words that have the same sound (like prince and prints; allowed and aloud), whilst oronyms are normally strings of words (phrases) such as iced ink and I stink.

1. aloud: –adverb, with a loud voice; loudly.
allowed: -verb, To let do or happen; permit.

2. four: –noun, a symbol of this number, 4 or IV or IIII.
for: –preposition, with the object or purpose of.

3. sea: –noun, the salt waters that cover the greater part of the earth's surface.
see: verb (used with object, to perceive with the eyes; look at.

4. eye: –noun, the organ of sight, in vertebrates typically one of a pair of spherical bodies contained in an orbit of the skull and in humans appearing externally as a dense, white, curved membrane, or sclera, surrounding a circular, colored portion, or iris, that is covered by a clear, curved membrane, or cornea, and in the center of which is an opening, or pupil, through which light passes to the retina.
I: –pronoun, the nominative singular pronoun, used by a speaker in referring to himself or herself.

5. wait: verb (used without object, to remain inactive or in a state of repose, as until something expected happens.
weight: –noun, the amount or quantity of heaviness or mass; amount a thing weighs.

Oronym (Homophone) Poetry
There is a well-known poem called Eye Halve a Spelling Chequer (I Have a Spelling Checker) that written almost entirely with homophones. It could be considered an oronym poem:

Eye halve a spelling chequer
It came with my pea sea
It plainly marques four my revue
Miss steaks eye kin knot sea.

Eye strike a key and type a word
And weight four it two say
Weather eye am wrong oar write
It shows me strait a weigh.

As soon as a mist ache is maid
It nose bee fore two long
And eye can put the error rite
Its rarely ever wrong.

Eye have run this poem threw it
I am shore your pleased two no
Its letter perfect in it's weigh
My chequer tolled me sew.

(Sauce unknown)

HETERONYM
What is a heteronym? A pair (or group) of heteronyms are words that have the same spelling (they are homographs) but different pronunciation (they are heterophones) and also different meanings.

There are hundreds of heteronyms in the English language, and they fall into several categories: true heteronyms, grammatical function heteronyms, capitonyms, accent heteronyms, and three-way heteronyms.

True Heteronyms
As has been said, there are many heteronyms in the English language, and there is not space for a comprehensive list here. The list below is a selection of the words that, whilst sharing a spelling, have unique pronunciations and unique meanings.

1. Wound; The doctor wound a bandage around the painful wound.
1st: -verb, to twine, fold, wrap, or place about something.
2nd: –noun, an injury, usually involving division of tissue or rupture of the integument or mucous membrane, due to external violence or some mechanical agency rather than disease.

2. Sewer; As the sewer sat sewing, she smelled the stench of a local sewer.
1st: –noun, a person or thing that sews.
2nd: –noun, an artificial conduit, usually underground, for carrying off waste water and refuse, as in a town or city.

3. Resent; I resent the fact that the letter was lost, but I have resent it.
1st: –verb (used with object), to feel or show displeasure or indignation at (a person, act, remark, etc.) from a sense of injury or insult.
2nd: –verb (used with object), -sent,to send again.

4. Number; I broke a number of bones in my right hand; it's number than the left.
1st: –noun, the sum, total, count, or aggregate of a collection of units, or the like: A number of people were hurt in the accident. The number of homeless children in the city has risen alarmingly.
2nd: adjective -er,deprived of physical sensation or the ability to move: fingers numb with cold.

5. Entrance; The lavishly decorated entrance will entrance the visitors.
1st: -noun, a point or place of entering; an opening or passage for entering, as a doorway.
2nd: –verb (used with object), to fill with delight or wonder; enrapture.

That's all folks! my homework is done! ^o^

Taken from: fun-with-words.com
meanings: dictionary.reference.com


JAY: Lesson for today_Jan 2, 2008

In oral speaking, there are many criteria for a person to be a good and better speaker. The examples of criteria are good command of language, possessing knowledge, confidence and must have flow of delivering. But for today class, we focus on the first example which is good command of language. Language is a medium of interaction between people which is involved the using of sounds, intonation, words and symbols. Symbols are very important because it helps us describe something when we forget certain word. Language is complex and has multiple meaning. In language there is HOMONYM, HOMOPHONES and HETERONYM.


Homonym: Word that has many meanings. For example,

1. aero = of aircraft
arrow = slender, pointed shaft

2. bean = a legume
been = past tense of be

3. marry = to join in matrimony
merry = happy

4. rain = precipitation
rein = horse's steering wheel

5. some = a few
sum = result of addition


Homopnones: words which sound alike but in different spelling

1. accessary = accessory
2. sauce = source
3. marshal = martial
4. some = sum
5. knew = new


Heteronym: Word that has the same spelling but in different pronountiation and different meaning. For example:

1. Buffet BUFFet - to pound or bump
booFAY - place where you serve yourself

2. Bow BAU - to lower one's head or the front of a ship
BOH - used to shoot arrows

3. Close CLOZE - to shut
CLOS - near

4. Record RECKord - a list
reKORD - to write down

5. Object ubJEKT - to complain
AHBjekt - a thing

Well, that's all from me..tata..



EYLLIA: HOMONYM, HOMOPHONE & HETERONYM

A HOMONYM is defined as one of two or more words that have the same sound and often the same spelling but differ in meaning, such as too (also) and two (the number).

examples:

1. board - noun -> a plan of wood
I used a board to cover the window.

bored - adjective -> not interested
He was bored by the meeting.


2. ate - verb -> past tense of the verb 'to eat'
She ate a quick lunch and returned to work.

eight - number -> the number 8
I bought eight tickets to the concert.

3. base - noun -> the bottom support of something
I think we need a new base for that lamp.

bass - noun -> the lowest pitches in music, singer of the lowest pitches
I sang bass in the church choir.

4. cell - noun -> a small room, usually in a prison
There are two prisoners per cell in that prison.

sell - verb -> to provide for sale
They sell books and magazines.

5. break - verb -> to damage something
Unfortunately, I often break my toys!

brake - noun -> stopping device on a vehicle
He used the brake to stop quickly.



HOMOPHONES are homonyms that share the same pronunciation. Homophones may be spelled the same (in which case they are also homographs) or spelled differently (in which case they are heterographs).

examples:

1. a) My family likes to travel by plane, but it's not cheap.

b) Asian people eat a lot of dishes with rice of different tastes: plain rice,fried rice with seafood, and sweet rice puddings.


2. a) He knows why he is getting bad grades.

b) Her nose really hurts.


3. a) They wanted to buy a new car, but couldn't get a loan from their bank.

b) The Lone Ranger was his hero.


4. a) Members meet every week.

b) Vegetarians don't eat meat.


5. a) She was told her foot should heal in about nine weeks.

b) The heel of her shoe broke off.



HETERONYMS are homonyms that share the same spelling but have different pronunciations. That is, they are homographs which are not homophones.

examples:

1) Excuse; Please excuse me while I think of an excuse.

2) Polish; Tell the Polish cleaners to polish the floor.

3) Minute; The button was so minute that it was a minute before I found it.

4) Wind; Hopefully the wind will be strong enough to wind the windmill.

5) Record; It's the referee's job to record the new world record.